Polyhouse Farming: A Complete Guide for Small-Scale Setup
Polyhouse farming is a type of greenhouse farming where crops are grown under a controlled environment using polythene sheets. It provides protection from extreme weather, pests, and diseases, ensuring higher yields and quality produce.
1. Benefits of Polyhouse Farming
- Higher Yield: Controlled conditions lead to better growth and productivity.
- Pest & Disease Protection: Reduces exposure to harmful insects and plant diseases.
- Water Efficiency: Drip irrigation and moisture control minimize water wastage.
- Year-Round Cultivation: Enables off-season farming for higher profits.
- Better Quality Crops: Uniform growth, better taste, and enhanced shelf life.
2. Types of Polyhouses
- Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse: Relies on natural airflow and shading techniques. Suitable for small-scale farming.
- Climate-Controlled Polyhouse: Uses automated temperature, humidity, and irrigation systems for high-value crops.
3. Small-Scale Polyhouse Setup Guide
Step 1: Selecting the Right Location
- Choose a well-drained area with access to sunlight (6–8 hours daily).
- Ensure a reliable water supply for irrigation.
- Protect from strong winds by using barriers like trees or fences.
Step 2: Choosing the Crop
Best crops for polyhouse farming:
- Vegetables: Tomato, cucumber, capsicum, lettuce, spinach.
- Fruits: Strawberries, melons, grapes.
- Flowers: Rose, gerbera, carnation.
- Herbs: Basil, mint, coriander.
Step 3: Constructing the Polyhouse
Materials Needed:
- Frame: GI pipes, bamboo, or PVC (for cost-effective structures).
- Covering Material: UV-stabilized polyethylene film (200–800 microns).
- Ventilation: Roll-up sidewalls or roof vents for air circulation.
- Drip Irrigation System: Essential for water conservation and nutrient supply.
- Cooling System: Shade nets, misting systems, or foggers in hot climates.
Cost Estimate for a Small-Scale Polyhouse (500 sq.m.)
- Basic Structure: ₹2–3 lakhs
- Drip Irrigation: ₹30,000–50,000
- Seeds & Fertilizers: ₹10,000–20,000
- Total Investment: ₹3–5 lakhs (varies by location and materials)
Step 4: Soil Preparation & Fertilization
- Use organic compost and bio-fertilizers for better crop health.
- Perform a soil test to determine nutrient levels.
- Implement mulching to retain soil moisture.
Step 5: Irrigation & Climate Control
- Install drip irrigation with fertigation for efficient water use.
- Use shade nets (35-50%) in summer to control temperature.
- Maintain humidity levels with misting/fogging systems.
Step 6: Pest & Disease Management
- Use organic pesticides (neem oil, garlic extract).
- Introduce beneficial insects (ladybugs, predatory mites).
- Regularly monitor for fungal infections (powdery mildew, downy mildew).
4. Financial Support & Government Schemes in India
- National Horticulture Board (NHB): Provides 50% subsidy for polyhouse setup.
- State Agricultural Departments: Offer additional grants and support.
- NABARD & Other Banks: Provide loans for polyhouse farming.
5. Profitability & ROI
- Break-even period: 2–3 years depending on crop selection.
- Average ROI: 30–50% higher than open-field farming.
- Best practices: Market high-value crops, direct selling to customers, export opportunities.