Kale Farming in India
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a nutrient-rich leafy green that can be grown successfully in India, especially in cooler regions or during the winter season.
1. Suitable Climate & Soil
- Grows best in cool temperatures (15°C to 25°C).
- Prefers well-drained loamy soil with a pH of 6.0–7.5.
- Can be grown in hill regions, northern plains during winter, and polyhouses in warm areas.
2. Sowing & Cultivation
- Can be grown from seeds or seedlings.
- Direct seeding: Sow seeds 1 cm deep, 30 cm apart.
- Transplanting: Grow seedlings in nursery trays and transplant after 4–6 weeks.
- Requires regular watering but not waterlogging.
- Mulching helps retain soil moisture and prevent weeds.
3. Fertilization & Care
- Apply organic compost or vermicompost before planting.
- Use nitrogen-rich organic fertilizers (like cow dung or biofertilizers) for better leaf growth.
- Regular pruning encourages new leaves and extends the harvest.
4. Pests & Diseases
- Aphids, caterpillars, and whiteflies are common pests—use neem oil or organic sprays.
- Fungal diseases (like powdery mildew) can be controlled by maintaining air circulation and avoiding excess watering.
5. Harvesting & Yield
- Ready for harvest in 50–60 days.
- Pick outer leaves first, allowing the plant to continue growing.
- Yields around 3–4 tons per acre under good management.
Major Kale-Producing Countries & Methods.
Kale is mainly grown in:
- United States – Grown in California, Texas, and Georgia using open fields and greenhouses.
- China – Uses intensive farming techniques with high-density planting.
- Spain & Italy – Cultivated in Mediterranean climates using drip irrigation.
- Kenya & South Africa – Grown as a staple vegetable using smallholder organic farming.